Battle of Monte Cassino in World War II

The Battle of Monte Cassino was fought January 17 to May 18, 1944, during World War II (1939 to 1945). Fast Facts: Battle of Monte Cassino Dates: January 17 to May 18, 1944, during  World War II  (1939-1945).Allies Armies and CommandersGeneral Sir Harold AlexanderLieutenant General Mark ClarkLieutenant General Oliver LeeseUS Fifth Army British Eighth ArmyGerman Armies and CommandersField Marshal Albert KesselringColonel-General Heinrich von VietinghoffGerman 10th Army Background Landing in Italy in September 1943, Allied forces under General Sir Harold Alexander began pushing up the peninsula. Due to the Apennine Mountains, which run the length of Italy, Alexanders forces advanced on two fronts with the Lieutenant General Mark Clarks US Fifth Army on the east and Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Montgomerys British Eighth Army on the west. Allied efforts were slowed by poor weather, rough terrain, and a tenacious German defense. Slowly falling back through the fall, the Germans sought to buy time to complete the Winter Line south of Rome. Though the British succeeded in penetrating the line and capturing Ortona in late December, heavy snows prevented them from pushing west along Route 5 to reach Rome. Around this time, Montgomery departed for Britain to aid in planning the invasion of Normandy and was replaced by Lieutenant General Oliver Leese. To the west of the mountains, Clarks forces moved up Routes 6 and 7. The latter of these ceased to be usable as it ran along the coast and had been flooded at the Pontine Marshes. As a result, Clark was forced to use Route 6 which passed through the Liri Valley. The southern end of the valley was protected by large hills overlooking the town of Cassino and atop which sat the abbey of Monte Cassino. The area was further protected by the fast-flowing Rapido and Garigliano Rivers which ran west to east. Recognizing the defensive value of the terrain, the Germans built the Gustav Line section of the Winter Line through the area. Despite its military value, Field Marshal Albert Kesselring elected not to occupy the ancient abbey and informed the Allies and Vatican of this fact. First Battle Reaching the Gustav Line near Cassino on January 15, 1944, the US Fifth Army immediately began preparations to assault the German positions. Though Clark felt the odds of success were low, an effort needed to be made to support the Anzio landings which would occur further north on January 22. By attacking, it was hoped that German forces could be drawn south to allow Major General John Lucas US VI Corps to land and quickly occupy the Alban Hills in the enemy rear. It was thought that such a maneuver would compel the Germans to abandon the Gustav Line. Hampering Allied efforts was the fact Clarks forces were tired and battered after fighting their way north from Naples. Moving forward on January 17, the British X Corps crossed the Garigliano River and attacked along the coast putting heavy pressure on the German 94th Infantry Division. Having some success, X Corps efforts forced Kesselring to send the 29th and 90th Panzer Grenadier Divisions south from Rome to stabilize the front. Lacking sufficient reserves, X Corps was unable to exploit their success. On January 20, Clark launched his main assault with the US II Corps south of Cassino and near San Angelo. Though elements of the 36th Infantry Division were able to cross the Rapido near San Angelo, they lacked armored support and remained isolated. Savagely counterattacked by German tanks and self-propelled guns, the men from the 36th Division were ultimately forced back. Four days later, an attempt was made north of Cassino by Major General Charles W. Ryders 34th Infantry Division with the goal of crossing the river and wheeling left to strike Monte Cassino. Crossing the flooded Rapido, the division moved into the hills behind the town and gained a foothold after eight days of heavy fighting. These efforts were supported by the French Expeditionary Corps to the north which captured Monte Belvedere and assaulted Monte Cifalco. Though the French were unable to take Monte Cifalco, the 34th Division, enduring incredibly harsh conditions, battled their way through the mountains towards the abbey. Among the issues faced by Allied forces were large areas of exposed ground and rocky terrain that precluded digging foxholes. Attacking for three days in early February, they were unable to secure the abbey or the neighboring high ground. Spent, II Corps was withdrawn on February 11. Second Battle With the removal of II Corps, Lieutenant General Bernard Freybergs New Zealand Corps moved forward. Pushed into planning a new assault to relieve pressure on the Anzio beachhead, Freyberg intended to continue the attack through mountains north of Cassino as well as advance up the railroad from the southeast. As planning moved forward, a debate began among the Allied high command regarding the abbey of Monte Cassino. It was believed that German observers and artillery spotters were using the abbey for protection. Though many, including Clark, believed the abbey to be vacant, increasing pressure ultimately led Alexander to controversially order the building to be bombed. Moving forward on February 15, a large force of B-17 Flying Fortresses, B-25 Mitchells, and B-26 Marauders struck the historic abbey. German records later showed that their forces were not present, through the 1st Parachute Division moved into the rubble after the bombing. On the nights of February 15 and 16, troops from the Royal Sussex Regiment attacked positions in the hills behind Cassino with little success.  These efforts were hampered by friendly fire incidents involving Allied artillery due to the challenges of aiming accurately in the hills. Mounting his main effort on February 17, Freyberg sent forward the 4th Indian Division against German positions in the hills. In brutal, close-in fighting, his men were turned back by the enemy. To the southeast, 28th (MÄ ori) Battalion succeeded in crossing the Rapido and captured the Cassino railroad station. Lacking armor support as the river could not be spanned, they were forced back by German tanks and infantry on February 18. Though the German line had held, the Allies had come close to a breakthrough which concerned the commander of the German Tenth Army, Colonel General Heinrich von Vietinghoff, who oversaw the Gustav Line. Third Battle Reorganizing, Allied leaders began planning a third attempt to penetrate the Gustav Line at Cassino. Rather than continue along previous avenues of advance, they devised a new plan which called for an assault on Cassino from the north as well as an attack south into the hill complex which would then turn east to assault the abbey. These efforts were to be preceded by intense, heavy bombing which would require three days of clear weather to execute.  As a result, the operation was postponed three weeks until the airstrikes could be executed. Moving forward on March 15, Freybergs men advanced behind a creeping bombardment. Though some gains were made, the Germans rallied quickly and dug in. In the mountains, Allied forces secured key points known Castle Hill and Hangmans Hill. Below, the New Zealanders had succeeded in taking the railroad station, though fighting in the town remained fierce and house-to-house. On March 19, Freyberg hoped to turn the tide with the introduction of the 20th Armoured Brigade. His assault plans were quickly spoiled when the Germans mounted heavy counterattacks on Castle Hill drawing in the Allied infantry. Lacking infantry support, the tanks were soon picked off one by one. The next day, Freyberg added the British 78th Infantry Division to the fray. Reduced to house to house fighting, despite the addition of more troops, Allied forces were unable to overcome the resolute German defense. On March 23, with his men exhausted, Freyberg halted the offensive. With this failure, Allied forces consolidated their lines and Alexander began devising a new plan for breaking the Gustav Line. Seeking to bring more men to bear, Alexander created Operation Diadem. This saw the transfer of the British Eighth Army across the mountains. Victory at Last Redeploying his forces, Alexander placed Clarks Fifth Army along the coast with II Corps and the French facing the Garigliano. Inland, Leeses XIII Corps and Lieutenant General Wladyslaw Anders 2nd Polish Corps opposed Cassino. For the fourth battle, Alexander desired II Corps to push up Route 7 towards Rome while the French attacked across the Garigliano and into the Aurunci Mountains on the west side of the Liri Valley. To the north, XIII Corps would attempt to force the Liri Valley, while the Poles circled behind Cassino and with orders to isolate the abbey ruins. Utilizing a variety of deceptions, the Allies were able to ensure that Kesselring was unaware of these troop movements. Commencing at 11:00 PM on May 11 with a bombardment using over 1,660 guns, Operation Diadem saw Alexander attack on all four fronts. While II Corps met heavy resistance and made little headway, the French advanced quickly and soon penetrated the Aurunci Mountains before daylight. To the north, XIII Corps made two crossings of the Rapido. Encountering a stiff German defense, they slowly pushed forward while erecting bridges in their rear. This allowed supporting armor to cross which played a key role in the fighting. In the mountains, Polish attacks were met with German counterattacks. By late on May 12, XIII Corps bridgeheads continued to grow despite determined counterattacks by Kesselring. The next day, II Corps began to gain some ground while the French turned to strike the German flank in the Liri Valley. With his right-wing wavering, Kesselring began pulling back to the Hitler Line, approximately eight miles to the rear.  On May 15, the British 78th Division passed through the bridgehead and began a turning movement to cut off the town from the Liri Valley. Two days later, the Poles renewed their efforts in the mountains. More successful, they linked up with the 78th Division early on May 18. Later that morning, Polish forces cleared the abbey ruins and hoisted Polish flag over the site. Aftermath Pressing up the Liri Valley, the British Eighth Army immediately attempted to break through the Hitler Line but was turned back. Pausing to reorganize, a major effort was made against the Hitler Line on May 23 in conjunction with a breakout from the Anzio beachhead. Both efforts were successful and soon the German Tenth Army was reeling and facing being surrounded. With VI Corps surging inland from Anzio, Clark shockingly ordered them to turn northwest for Rome rather than cut off and aid in the destruction of von Vietinghoff. This action may have been the result of Clarks concern that the British would enter the city first despite it being assigned to Fifth Army. Driving north, his troops occupied the city on June 4. Despite the success in Italy, the Normandy landings two days later transformed it into a secondary theater of the war. Selected Sources BBC: Battle of Monte CassinoHistory: Battle of Monte Cassino

Essay about Discourse Community - 1391 Words

Men May Have Invented Softball, but Women Perfected it In ENGL 1301, these past two weeks have given me a better understanding of ethos, logos and pathos appeals. Being in a discourse community has made me put these appeals into perspective. Understanding that being in that community made me a stronger woman. This will give me a chance to show you, my professor and classmates that softball is indeed a sport. I will prove why I attended this discourse community in softball at a young age to now by explaining the mental state of understanding the rules, the physical mechanisms, and the emotional connection it has on my authority, team and myself. Having good comprehension skills helps understanding the rules very easy. I was first†¦show more content†¦Although the rules are printed in black and white, learning the physical aspects of softball was very challenging. Being an athletic person allowed me to catch on quickly. Everyone else on the team had already experienced softball two or three years before me. First I learned to catch, which was probably the hardest thing for me. It seemed like the ball was moving a 100 miles per hour aiming straight towards my face even though it was coming 20-25 miles per hour. When catching the ball, the thrower has to aim straight for my chest; which is where I should want to target my glove. Learning to bat might seem challenging but it’s not. Hitting from a tee is effortless because there is more concentration on the ball. That’s probably the best way to be trained. Than a coach may soft toss it. Focusing more on the coach’s hand where the ball was , helped me focus on what I was looking for when a pitcher pitched against me. Soon after, the coach started the pitching machine. Nine times out of ten, when it’s a player first time hitting off a pitching machine, she is afraid to get hit by the ball. A lot of the batters jump out the way of the batter’s box. 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Whether it’s a long, point less conversation on the phone with a best friend or being part of a school croquet club, it’s part of a unique discourse community in some way. Every discourse has it’s own distinct qualities and almost all have a different way of communicating. These discourses are strong influences on all of our personalities. The way every human

Jack of All Trades Free Essays

â€Å"Mom can I have a dog? † I cannot tell you how many times those six words came out of my mouth, almost everyday since about second grade I asked my mom for a puppy. Once when I was in fifth grade, my mom let me take home one of my aunt’s dog’s puppies. But at the end of the day she made me take it back. We will write a custom essay sample on Jack of All Trades or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was so close to getting what I had wanted for years. I had named the dog and everything, and as you can tell it still upsets me to this day. You’re probably thinking, â€Å"Eh, every child wants a dog or some sort of pet, it’s really not that serious. Oh but it was, I became obsessed with the idea of a puppy, every time I saw someone else with a new puppy or even an older dog I became jealous to the point of tears. It’s not like I never had a dog, when I was born we had two, Buster, and Sheena. But they both died of old age by the time I was seven. We also had cats, and birds, and fish. But all of a sudden there was nothing left, it was me, my mom, and my dad, being an only child was always hard, but at least I had my animals to keep me company. Yeah, yeah, here it comes, being an only child isn’t hard, you’re spoiled, you get everything you want, and tons of attention. But have you ever thought of the hardships of being the only thing your parents have to focus on, or maybe the not having anyone to play with, you can only play dress up and school with yourself for so long before it gets extremely boring. Okay but I’m getting off topic, actually I’ve kind of been rambling on about nothing for the last couple of sentences, but I promise this will all have a point. My freshman year of high school, I began having a lot of issues with being alone, and not having anyone to talk to or keep me company. I began to struggle with my schoolwork, and everything began to spin out of control. I met James, he was amazing, but that’s a completely different story for a completely different time and space. Now the wanting of a dog had kind of went away for a little, but now in my time of loneliness, and need, I think my mom finally realized how much I truly not only wanted but needed a dog to keep me company, because that year around my birthday my mom began to talk of getting a dog, (it might have also been because Simone’s mom let her have a dog, and my mom felt bad because that’s all I could talk about, so thanks Sandy. So we talked about getting a dog, and decided on a female Jack Russell, oh my, we were not aware of what we were getting into. We were told numerous times that these dogs were crazy, but we just said it couldn’t be that bad, all puppies are hyper. We planned to keep her in a squared-off area in the basement, oh boy, were we mistaken. We ordered her from a farm in Missouri, the breeder seemed nice, and told us that she had a lot of energy, we got her at eight weeks, the breeder had named her Kayla, but we knew from the pictures that this name was just unbefitting. We decided on either naming her Sage or Zoi, and the second we picked her up from the airport we knew Zoi was the perfect name for her, she ran out of her crate right into my arms, while all the other puppies were hiding in the back corner of their crates, afraid of their new owners. It was raining but she wasn’t afraid, the entire walk to the car she wiggled and squirmed eager to see everyone and everything around her. That first night, Simone and I figured it’d be a good idea to sleep downstairs with her, just in case, but we were in for a rude awakening, quite literally, she whined and cried every minute she was alone. Simone and I ended up staying up the entire night with her; this squared off corner in the basement was just not enough for this tiny little dog. The next night we tried keeping her in her crate, then a bigger cage, needless to say neither worked and she now sleeps in bed with my mom and dad. This dog was a handful; she chewed on everything, dirty underwear being her favorite snack. Her energy never seemed to end. She jumped played and barked all day, she was a very happy dog. Yet it just seemed like she was lonely, she carried this tiny stuffed puppy with her everywhere, and carried chew toys over to her favorite stuffed tiger. She’d whine and cry when it wouldn’t play with them, maybe it was our imaginations, but it just seemed that the only way to tame her energy was to get her a companion. First we looked at the pound, but decided anything bigger might just hurt Zoi, so we ended up on the search for another Jack Russell, this time a male. We looked and looked, the first one we decided on ended up being sold already, so we finally decided on another dog, he was from Texas, and named KC. He came from a puppy mill, and when we got him he just didn’t seem right, we were worried. At the airport we expected him to run right out into our arms like Zoi, but that’s not quite what happened. He hid in the corner of his crate and cried, he seemed so afraid, we walked him to the car and I cuddled him in my arms, it was late, almost midnight, and I was worried how him and Zoi would react to each other. He didn’t seem like a social type dog. When we got him home and put him down, he wiggled and squirmed, him and Zoi sniffed each other and from that second they were inseparable, but Dash (which is what we named him, after a character in the Disney movie, The Incredibles,) just still wasn’t right, he had a swollen bee sting on his arm, and after taking him to the vets we discovered he had three different typed of worms in his belly. His nickname had been Wiggle-Butt, how appropriate. He was incredibly unhealthy, and we were thankful that we had saved him from that place he had called a home, no wonder he was so afraid. It was strange that these two dogs that were said to be the same exact breed were so completely different, but maybe that’s why they got along so well. After Dash was nursed back to health, he slowly began to come out of his shell. These dogs were a handful alone, but together, oh my. Zoi was clearly the boss, and she let it be known. There were times when she beat the living daylights out of him, but he still followed her around, and whined and cried when she was gone. Dash was quite the interesting dog, he’d growl and bark at other people and dogs, but then run and hide behind you if you put him down. The two would chase each other around in circles around the house and yard, it’s like they both had this endless amount of energy, I couldn’t imagine Zoi would have lasted long at any other household. She ate everything, beat up Dash, ran away, jumped all over people, and scratched like crazy. Once we got Dash and Zoi, it was like having newborn babies, we had baby gates in every doorway, so that they couldn’t get in and chew things, you couldn’t open the door without holding them back or you would be in for a jog. Every time they got out it was a good twenty-minute journey to get them back. They’d run up to everyone that was outside, bark at other dogs, run into everyone’s yard, and you’d have to jump and dive in order to catch them, it is not a fun thing to do. My favorite story would have to be the time my little cousin let Zoi out and my 40-year-old uncle chased her around in the January snow, eventually jumping, sliding, and diving only to miss her by an inch. These dogs were quite the handful. Nobody could come into the house without being jumped all over, and barked at. And you couldn’t leave if you didn’t give Zoi her treat first. Actually you still can’t. You think after two years she’d be a lot calmer, well she’s a little calmer. We tried obedience classes, yeah did not work to well, actually now she’ll sit, bark, and play dead on command†¦ but other than that†¦ yeah. A few months after we first got them, we went away on vacation. We left Dash and Zoi with a family friend who raised and watched dogs for a living. I remember him saying, â€Å"Oh, I’ll have her trained by the time you get back. † Yeah, not so much. Not even the man who watched ten dogs a day, could tame her. He’s raised tens of dogs from puppies, all his dogs listen to his every command, but not Zoi, she’d run around take stuff, even beat up the larger dogs. The second we got back home we went to pick up our puppies, and you could tell that Jay (the man that had watched them) had had quite the time watching those two. He couldn’t get rid of them quick enough. Zoi loves the water, but Dash is afraid of it. Zoi will jump right in the pool and swim around but Dash wouldn’t go near it for anything. Zoi jumps in and climbs right out. She chases the hose when my dad is watering the lawn, tries to eat the backwash water from the pool. Another thing that she loves to chase is the vacuum, Dash once again is afraid, but Zoi chases and barks like always. Sometimes, they’re too predictable. Another one of my favorites is when Zoi decides to take things for ransom. Her favorite I think is the remote control for the television. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve seen her running around with that remote in her mouth waiting for her treat. It’s not like she really wanted it, she’d drop it in front of you as soon as you reached for the bone box. And of course Dash reaps the benefits, so I think he encourages her to steal things. But after all of this, the second you sit down on the couch, or lay down in bed, they’re both right there, lying on your lap. Dash will nudge and nudge until you let him under the blanket. They love, love, love to cuddle. Which is good, because so do I. They keep you warm in the winter, which is good since Zoi chewed the wire to the heater on the blanket, and the couch, so neither work. Okay two crazy dogs†¦ the point of this is? I’m getting to it, I’m getting to it, promise. These dogs have actually kept me sane. I’d have the longest day ever, but I know I could come home and have two amazing dogs jumping on me and kissing me. No matter what I need, I can turn to my dogs, if I need to play, or just cuddle. Zoi is like the dog version of me she can be hyper, loud, loving, all at once. She’ll be angry one minute and kissing and loving you the next. She can’t stay mad, kind of like me. Having these two amazing dogs has kept me sane. I’m no longer alone and bored all the time. They may be a pain sometimes fighting to leave in the morning, eating underwear, stealing socks and remotes. But I know at the end of the day I have two creatures that love me unconditionally. How to cite Jack of All Trades, Papers

Impact of Tourism Industry on Economic Process

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Tourism Industry on Economic Process. Answer: Introduction Tourism industry is a major source of revenue of a country. The revenue realize helps in the social economic development of a country. Tourism industry triggers global economy as well as the economy of a country. Tourism industry is a major industry in Australia and tourists are attracted towards the variety of natural beauty in Australia (Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013). Tourists across the world travel to Australia to enjoy its diversity. It is seen that tourism industry represents 3.0% of the GDP of Australia and it is seen to contribute $47.5 billion Australian dollar in the financial year 2014 and 2015 (Chatziantoniouetetal,2013). During the period 2014-15, the Australian tourism industry employed 580,800 persons. In this assignment, various aspects of tourism industry would be analysed. The effect of the tourism industry on the economy of the country would also be analysed in this assignment. A picture about the impact of tourism industry on the economy of Australia will be drawn. T he uses of various statistical methods would be shown in this assignment. The previous studies regarding the impact of tourism industry on the economy of Australia would also be studied in this assignment (Anderson, 2012). Background information Tourism in Australia started in the pre-colonial period where people from other regions set out in quest for wealth and adventure. Some of the tourists settled in places far away from their places of origin while others opted to go back to their homes. The dispersed settlement of the Australian population exposed majority of the people to occasional long distance travelling to visit their kins and for memory refreshment as well as entrepreneur visits. Most of these visits were conducted through horsebacks or ships, which was tedious and took longer time. After the end of war I the 1920s and the ease of the great depression in 1930, there was a sudden increase of travelling that prompted the economy to provide more comfortable means of transport like the railway transport introduced by the Australian government and the establishment of the Australian National Travel Association. The tourism traffic continued to increase through rail and sea transport. With the biggest number of tourist using sea, transport through the Queensland, port. The end of second war in 1945 saw the increased lifestyle standards as well as other means of transport. The beginning of jet age and large airplanes that had the ability of carrying 100 passengers changed the Australian economy as tourism boomed due to international tourism that increased the normal expenditure in the tourism industry. The growth of this industry gave rise to the hospitality industry that aimed to make tourists feel at home and welcomed. In 1960s, there was an increased awareness on payed holidays by corporations operating in Australia thus boosting domestic tourism. By examining how tourism varies across different patterns of tourist visitation both international and domestic, this proposal will be built on current information that will help construct a more comprehensive framework for the study of the tourism industry and its impact on the Australian Economy. The development of the sector has been has been in previous years frustrated by conflicting definitions, l ack of a methodological framework, and scepticism to the advancement of tourism. Studying the impact of tourism to the economy will provide a transition of understanding the key roles of the sector in the economy as well as develop measure to counter the negative results arising from the advancement of this industry. In addition to examining the relationship between tourism and economy, the proposal broadens the study of hospitality and transport sector in the country as well as international. Much of the previous research on tourism has been done have focussed on the revenue side of tourism in Australia. Likewise, this proposal will include the revenue side as well as well as the shortcomings brought about in creating these revenues. While tourism impact on the economy in terms of monetary benefits has largely been written on in many previous studies, limited number, written materials are available on the negative side that is brought out by tourism. Social economical negative impa cts have in time not been focused on and the accumulated effects have only been realized in the recent studies. This proposal will be developed in a way to ensure that the overlooked impacts have been addressed to uncover the relevant details and provide an all-round proposal. The proposal will address the social effects of tourism and the erosion of culture of Australian natives, who are the reason of attracting the tourists in the first place. The evolution of the tourism industry in Australia has seen improvement in services as well as facilities such as resorts that target the tourist population. Moreover, the tourism industry has relentlessly continued to grow the Australian economy to the extent that new enterprises are cropping up. These enterprise aims at enhancing service delivery by helping tourists choose their destinations as well as make reservations of their stay such as Jovago.com. Problem statement The problem statement developed for the present assignment is to assess the impact that the tourism industry has on the economy of Australia. The aim of the research is to understand and interpret the impact of tourism industry in Australia on the economy of the country. The objectives of the present research are as follows: To find the structure of tourism industry for the last 20 years To understand the change in the tourism industry for the last 20 years To find the structure of the economy of the country for the last 20 years To understand the change in the economy of the country for the last 20 years To understand the impact of change in tourism industry on the economy of the country in the last 20 years Research questions The questions of the research are as follows: How is the structure of tourism industry for the last 20 years? How is the change in the tourism industry for the last 20 years? How is the structure of the economy of the country for the last 20 years? How is the change in the economy of the country for the last 20 years? How is the impact of change in tourism industry on the economy of the country in the last 20 years? Literature review This part will analyse previous literature works done on Australian tourism industry. The tourism industry in Australia contributes about $34billion every year. The industry also provides employment to about half a million of the Australian population. New South Wales, Queens land and Victoria account for 80% of the tourism industry output. According to the viewpoint of Tribe (2015), it is seen that tourism industry can be a solution to the direct marketing organization. It is seen that tourism industry had been growing rapidly with time. People want to spend more time exploring different places and learning new things. It is observed that the domestic tourism in Australia accounts for about three quarter of the total tourism visits due to its rich economy. Among this domestic visits, household account for eighty-five percent of spending while the remaining fifteen percent is the expenditure from business travels. It was seen that there were 7.4 million tourists that had arrived in A ustralia in the year 2015. Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne are some of the coastal cities that are preferred by the tourists. The tourists (Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013) also prefer high profile tourist destinations like the Gold Coast, Queensland and The Great Barrier Reef. Tourism industry is important in Australia as it employs 5% of the workforce in Australia. From domestic tourism to international tourism, Australia gathers her revenue from every methods of tourism. It was seen that total economic value of domestic tourism industry was found to measure $63.3 billion in the year 2009. As per the viewpoint of (Goodall and Ashworth, 2013), it was seen that Australia has various icons for tourists to visit. It is seen that Australia has varied climatic conditions that ranges from deserts to wilderness, mountains to coastal areas and cities to rural areas. Coastal regions have high profile destinations while there are Tasmanian wildernesses that lie at the southernmost tip of Australia. Australia has various major attractions across the country. From Great Barrier Reef to Sydney Opera House, there are various major tourists attractions across Australia. It was seen that there were 7.4 million tourists that had arrived in Australia in the year 2015 (Chatziantoniouet al. 2013). It is seen that Australian tourism industry provides various advertising campaign that features various Australian famous faces. These campaigns attract visitors from across the world and also encourages domestic tourists to visit different various places of Australia. According to the viewpoint of (Webster and Ivanovo, 2014), it was seen that the tourism industry provides a significant contribution in the overall level and economic condition of Australia. Tourism industry and economic condition, both are seen to increase with time. However, it is seen that there is a decrease in the holiday expenditure as a share of household consumption. It can be interpreted that there had been increase in the expenditures of the daily household consumptions, which had resulted in the decrease in the expenditure in tourism industry (Mowforth and Munt, 2015). The holiday patterns of Australia were found to be changing over the years. It was seen that there had been decrease in the holiday travel pattern for the natives of the Australians while there had been an increase in the overseas night pattern. As per the viewpoint of (Holden, 2016), it is seen that the distribution pattern of visitors across the states is uneven. New South Wales was seen to have most visitors in Australia than other states. Tasmania was found to have the least number of visitors in Australia across both domestic and international tourists. Australia has aboriginal, which is the native tribe in Australia. It is also seen that they have various cultures and rituals, which are not practiced in any other parts of Australia (Murphy, 2013). These rituals and cultures are attractive to various tourists as they can explore and understand the native cultures and rituals of Australia. Kangaroo and Koala bears are the native animals of Australia, which are not found in other parts of the world. Tourists across the globe want to see these native animals of Australia and they want to experience them at every cost (Anderson, 2012). It is seen that there had been a decrease in the growth of increase in the revenue from tourism industry. This had been due to the decrease in the number of tourists in Australia over the past. This had been a severe issue regarding the economy of the country as a major portion of the revenue of the company comes from the tourism industry. Part of the decreased growth on economy that is propelled by the tourism industry has been attributed to natural calamities that destroy tourist attraction sites within Australia. Thus, the impact of tourism in the revenue of the country is a bigger issue that should be analysed. In this assignment, an idea about this impact of tourism industry of Australia in the revenue of the country would be given (Tourism, 2017). However the tourisms industry has had its own share of problems and challenges in the Australian social and economy welfare, due to the heavy traffic that find tourism in Australia attractive. The traffic has contributed exhaustion of the existing infrastructure leading to poor sanitation that may contribute to the genesis of diseases to both the locals as well as the international tourists. Erosion of culture is another negative effect that might occur due to the adoption of foreign culture that comes along with the tourists (seagrant.umn/tourism, 2017). The belief that tourists are wealthy and have a lot of money might lead to engagement in criminal activities by the local people who will be robbing money from the tourists thus leading to loss of morals and religious values. Furthermore, the advancement of tourisms in Australia must always come at a cost to the environment thus leading to the damage of the flora and fauna, displacement of local people especially those at the beache s to give room for hotel developments. The bigger the population the more the natural resources that are needed to sustain the population (Research gate, 2017). The result is more footfalls, increased transportation, improper waste disposal, more noise, increase in pollution and disturbance of the ecological balance in the area. Moreover, the advancement of tourisms industry can lead to loss of traditional jobs such as farming to the local people where the farmers engage in tourism activities in place of farming. This can be detrimental to the national food basket of Australia. The continuous flow of cash around the tourist attraction regions may lead to increased cost of living due to upward push of goods prices leading to inflation that arises due to flow of large amount of cash in the surrounding economy hence the local people get disadvantaged(Tourism, 2017). The TSA frame in Australia came up with the direct and indirect definitions that overlapped the terminologies of input output modelling. The I-O modelling concept strives rp explain the flow-on effect generated by the tourism industry demand that includes, visitors spending plus the other industry that rely on tourism or suppliers in the sector according to how it is presented in the national TSA. However, the TSA direct concept will remain the same in other industries in the supply chain. The TSA report shows that the previous concept applied will remain the same to simplify the comparison on the flow-on effects. With the help of direct tourism, contribution only there will be an under-estimation of the total contribution on tourism to the economy. The correct tourism contribution will be achieved by applying the three Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) estimates values of tourism within the national accounting framework. A satellite account will allow the expansion of national account in various frequently toured areas while maintaining the structures of the core National Accounts methodology. The combination direct tourism and indirect tourism output will enable the calculation of flow-on effects using the I-O multipliers. The flow indirect effects are as a result of changes in supply brought about by the change in spending of the tourism industrys on goods and services from other industries. E.g., when a visitor purchases a meal from a hotel, the hotel goes ahead to purchases vegetables and meat from a food supplier, the food supplier will then purchases these from a farming company, which pays for labour and transport to deliver the produce to market. The estimation of the economic impact of such indirect effects, aimed at complementing the direct effects, will be reported in the findings of this paper, which will help provide a more comprehensive view of the economic contribution of tourism. Refer to Appendices A and B for detail on the criteria as well as p eriod used to facilitate the derivation of the indirect contribution of tourism on output and employment. The Australias economic share total contribution from tourism is simply the combination of direct contributions and indirect contributions with reference to TRA estimates. In this report, total contribution will be presented for the last 15 years period from 2001 to 2016. According to TRAs estimates the indirect Gross Value Added (GVA), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as employment have significant added value to the economy, by providing a more comprehensive view of the role that tourism plays in the economy. Policy makers have made great steps in the effectiveness of gauging the value of tourism, and applied this to inform their decision-making. However, Australia and New Zealand are the only countries that have put in place a mechanism to produce a full set of indirect estimates for tourism GVA, GDP and employment. New Zealands (NZ) TSA (2012) report indicated that in the year ended March 2012: The tourism sector total contribution was 8.6 per cent to NZ GDP; NZ$6.2 billion ( or 3.3 per cent) directly and NZ$9.7 billion (or 5.2 per cent) indirectly. Tourism has managed to employ a full-time New Zealand population of 186,900 employees (or 9.6 per cent). However, international governing bodies are now recognising the importance of a TSA. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2010) reported that, about 60 countries are identified by early 2010 as having already produced or currently developing a TSA exercise?. Research Methodology The research process will involve both qualitative and quantitative research methodology to obtain at conclusive and reliable data. The reason for coming up with the two methodologies is to be able to collect reliable data through qualitative methodology and understand the social trends through quantitative analysis. Data collection Both primary and secondary data would be collected for the research. Secondary data would be collected from the documents of the government of Australia and primary data would be collected from surveying the tourists of Australia. Both international and domestic tourists would be considered for this purpose. Thirty tourists, which consist of both international and domestic tourists, would be surveyed using questionnaire method. Close-ended questions would be asked to the samples to collect the primary data. The questions would be in Likerts scale and the responses of the respondents would be considered for the research. These data would undergo various statistical calculations in order to fulfil the objectives of the research. The primary data and secondary data would undergo statistical methods like descriptive statistics, methods of central tendency, correlation, regression and methods of frequency distribution. These methods would analyse the data and help to fulfil the objectives. Various graphs, charts and tables would be provided in the research in order to support the analysis. Significance By examining how tourism varies across different patterns of tourist visitation both international and domestic, this proposal will be built on current information that will help construct a more comprehensive framework for the study of the tourism industry and its impact on the Australian Economy. The development of the sector has been has been in previous years frustrated by conflicting definitions, lack of a methodological framework, and scepticism to the advancement of tourism. Studying the impact of tourism to the economy will provide a transition of understanding the key roles of the sector in the economy as well as develop measure to counter the negative results arising from the advancement of this industry. In addition to examining the relationship between tourism and economy, the proposal broadens the study of hospitality and transport sector in the country as well as international. Much of the previous research on tourism has been done have focussed on the revenue side of t ourism in Australia. Likewise, this proposal wlll include the revenue side as well as well as the shortcomings brought about in creating these revenues. While tourism impact on the economy in terms of monetary benefits has largely been written on in many previous studies, limited number, written materials are available on the negative side that is brought out by tourism. Social economical negative impacts have in time not been focused on and the accumulated effects have only been realized in the recent studies. This proposal will be developed in a way to ensure that the overlooked impacts have been addressed to uncover the relevant details and provide an all-round proposal. Ethical consideration Various ethical issues would be considered in this research. The researcher would not force the respondents to answer the questionnaire and participate in the survey. There will be no names asked belonging to respondents. The researcher will aim at assessing the impact of tourism industry on the Australian economy by engaging respondents in the research. The researcher should not use any arms and threaten the respondents to provide the responses. The researcher should not tamper with the responses of the respondents and should collect the data as it comes. The researcher must seek the permission of the respondents prior to using the data. Expected outcomes It is expected that there has been a continuous increase in the daily expenses of tourists both domestic and international, which had resulted from various improvement in the tourism industry, services as well as the economic welfare of the Australian economy. The Australian tourism will generate large amounts of revenue that will in turn contribute to the overall growth of the economy. Employment rates will go high during certain seasons; as a result, the lifestyle of the surrounding community will be elevated to the level above poverty threshold. Other local industries are expected to record a growth brought about by the thriving tourism industry, such industries include fashion, food, hospitality as well as the construction industry (Anderson, 2012). The decrease in the expenditure in tourism is explained by the unexpected natural disasters that destroyed the attractiveness of touring places in Australia hence contributing to the decrease of the place popularity, tourists had lost interests in touring such places in Australia. Apart from the low expenses the tourism industry will lead to several negative impacts such as loss of traditional jobs by the local people who will shift the occupations to venture in to the tourism industry will seem lucrative. Hiked product prices will also be observed, as the surrounding economy will be flooded with cash from both domestic and international tourists. Criminal activities will also top the list of negative impacts promoted by tourism, as the local people will try to enrich themselves by robbing the tourists of their belongings and cash. Culture and traditional practices will be eroded because of adoption of foreign culture practised by the tourist. Moreover, environmental destruction will be prevalent, as developers will require space to setup hotels, hence destroying the flora and fauna. Finally, pollution will be inevitable due to the traffic brought about by the tourists at the tourist sites that do not have adequ ate infrastructure to handle large population of tourists (Research gate, 2017). References Anderson, B. (2012). Crisis management in the Australian tourism industry: Preparedness, personnel and postscript. Tourism Management, 27(6), pp.1290-1297. Chatziantoniou, I., Filis, G., Eeckels, B. and Apostolakis, A., 2013. Oil prices, tourism income and economic growth: A structural VAR approach for European Mediterranean countries.Tourism Management,36, pp.331-341. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013.Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Holden, A., 2016.Environment and tourism.Routledge. Lee, J.W. and Brahmasrene, T., 2013. Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union.Tourism Management,38, pp.69-76. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015.Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Murphy, P.E., 2013.Tourism: A Community Approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge. Researchgate.(2017). Tourism Rmpact. [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277411573_Positive_vs_negative_economic_impacts_of_tourism_development_a_review_of_economic_impact_studies [accessed 4 feb. 2017]. seagrant.umn/tourism. (2017). tourism and the economy. [online] Available at: https://www.seagrant.umn.edu/tourism/pdfs/ImpactsTourism.pdf [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017]. Tourism, P. (2017). Positive Negative Effects of Tourism. [online] Traveltips.australia.com. Available at: https://traveltips.australia.com/positive-negative-effects-tourism-63336.html [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017]. Tribe, J., 2015.The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism.Routledge. Webster, C. and Ivanov, S., 2014. Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits: Does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?.Tourism Management,40, pp.137-140.

THE OLD ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Flashcard

THE OLD ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

Managing Financial Resources Example

Managing Financial Resources Example Managing Financial Resources – Article Example Managing the financial resources of a company is a very important function that must be administer well by the managerial staff of the firm. The mostimportant financial resource that must be tightly controlled is the cash account of the organization. Without cash a company will seize to exist. The movement of cash in a company is depicted in the statement of cash flow of a firm. The statement of cash flow divides the movement of cash in three activities which are operating, financing, and investment activities. The assets of the company are a resource that also must be administer well. A ratio that tells a manager whether the organization is using its assets well is the return on assets (ROA) metric. Return on assets measures how effective a company has been at generating profit from its assets (Garrison & Noreen). It is important form managers to establish control mechanisms to protect the financial resources of a company. A way to monitor the use of financial resources is by doing recurrent internal audits of the resources of the enterprise. I agree that managing the financial resources of a company is a very important function. When companies do not protect its financial resources it could lead to bad economic outcomes. Take for example the case of the Enron corporation. This company filed the largest bankruptcy in the history of the United States at the time because the managerial team did an extremely poor job of protecting its financial resources. Instead the executives robbed Enron of millions of dollars in bonuses by cooking up the books. The success of a business is highly depend on the ability of the company to manage its financial resources well. Work CitedGarrison, Ray, and Eric Noreen. Managerial Accounting (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. 2003. Print.

Nutritional assessment and management of patient with Acute Essay

Nutritional assessment and management of patient with Acute Pancreatitis - Essay Example Both these types may lead to the development of pancreatic cancer. Various factors are attributed to the aetiology of acute pancreatitis. The risk of development of pancreatitis differs with age and sex, and it most commonly occurs among the black population than any other race (Yadav & Lowenfels 2012). The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gall stones and can be eliminated with the help of early cholecystectomy (Yadav & Lowenfels 2012). Alcoholism and smoking lead to be independent factors in the development of pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis can occur within hours or 2 days following the consumption of alcohol. Other causes of acute pancreatitis include abdominal trauma, infections, medications, tumours, and genetic abnormalities. The symptoms include upper abdominal pain which may be gradual or sudden followed by consumption of food. The pain may be mild initially and may result in severe form later. Symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fever, rapid pulse may be present. Seve re acute pancreatitis may be fatal to the patient with failures of the kidney, the lungs and the heart. In the following essay, an attempt is made to critically evaluate the clinical condition of Mrs. Barrowman diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and to identify the factors that may affect her nutritional status, and to assess her nutritional risk status using ‘MUST’ (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool). Mrs. Barrowman, 54 years, got admitted in the ITU with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. During admission, the patient was presented with symptoms of severe abdominal pain and vomiting, which are one of the main signs of acute pancreatitis. Physically, height of the patient is 1.78 m and weight 58 kg prior to the period of ill health, and might have possibly lost 1-5 kg during her illness. Third day observation charted the following: BP: 105/75 mm Hg, heart rate: 130 bpm and is presented with sinus tachycardia. She has pitting edema all over the body. Other laboratory

Selection Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Selection Plan - Essay Example The letter gives a summary of the individual’s knowledge, skills and attributes. It is usually written by a previous employer or an education institution. Although the individual may be strongly recommended, the validity of the assessment is low. However, the company incurs low costs. In this test, the assessment is done on the personality types of the individual. In this case, the individual is tested on his or her ability to undertake appropriate interventions after patient assessment. The individual must be able to exhibit some characteristics that are necessary for the best interventions in the assessment of the patient. This category is important because, the individual and the patient must be able to relate well with each other in order to provide the required interventions. For example, an extrovert will associate well with the patient. Other vital characteristics are (a) agreeableness – this type of person is helpful and thus fits well in the position, (b) conscientiousness – the important characteristic is dependability, (c) emotional stability – calmness and security are very vital, and (d) openness to experience - cautious and broad minded are very essential. There are three things that must be looked at; faking, validity and appli cant reactions. This test is low in cost and its reliability is very high meaning it can provide the desired results. Its validity is medium and the reactions that accompany most of these tests are negative. However, the adverse impacts are low. In this test, the applicant is tested on the job knowledge, how well the applicant can execute the work given. The test is important in accomplishing the first two KSA statements; reports pertinent findings and acts accordingly, and administers the correct medications and treatments. Without the job knowledge, these two KSA statements cannot be accomplished. There

Research Question, Literature Review and Sample Essay

Research Question, Literature Review and Sample - Essay Example has been a number of reports and incidents that have been filed in the past where elders have been victims of crime and which have moved on to create a fear within them. The paper will provide a detailed literature review of the topic and will include statistical data and information that is available that pertain this topic. The literature review that has been discussed is a combination of the literature and theories that have been presented in the past along with the recent statistics that are available on the topic. This will be followed by the research questions and research hypothesis which form an essential part of the research. With age come a number of issues like the physical vulnerability and also lowered income which in turn leads to a high level of fear of crime. Various researches have been conducted in the past however no single definition has been developed for ‘fear of crime’. There have been a number of debates on the best and most effective way to measure crime. Elchardus, De Groof and Smits (2003), argue that although not much literature is available in terms of the fear of crime, however there are two main patterns that have been followed. These include, a rationalistic view and the other is a symbolic view. Donder, et.al explain, â€Å"The rationalistic paradigm interprets fear as a consequence of risk and vulnerability with regard to crime and victimization. The symbolic paradigm interprets fear of crime as a consequence of more general feelings of vulnerability and dissatisfaction that become feelings of being threatened of crime and victimization† (Donder, Verte, & Mess elis, 2005). Over the years authors like Baumer and Skogan and Maxfield have divided the factors into three main fields. These include: It is evident that the above factors play a major role on the fear of crimes and leads to a number of issues among people across the world. The next sub section will deal with the relationship of elders and fear of crime. A number of

Skills and Techniques Assessing Depression in a patient

Skills and Techniques Assessing Depression in a patient Assessment of a depressed patient in at a keen level of mental illness could perhaps be one of the most significant jobs that a registered mental health nurse should deals within their vocation. The significance of achieving the accurate information at this decisive level presents the little scope for mis-acquisition. Sullivan (1990) evidently appraises that the outcomes of a deprived appraisal or misapprehension of a patient appearance can guide to a patient not accepting the treatment they required at a significant level through to the ratio of a casualty due to non admittance to mental health examination. With this information in mind, it becomes crucial that the mental health nurse is proficient in conducting an assessment. The skill of identifying and reporting the most in depth account of the presenting facts, for continual involvement of the multi disciplinary team, and initialization of the care plan and care pathway program, remains the benchmark for a true professional (Lan cester, 2000). This account reflects on such practice whilst witnessing an assessment at an acute unit. It will, analyses and reflect on the skills used to assess the bio-psycho-social needs of the patient and will include references gained from extensive reading to clarify evidence based practice and draw also from the academic study related to the subject of assessment. In compliance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council, code of conduct, (2002), Relating to client confidentiality, the names and locations of people involved to have been changed, and for the purpose of this account the client will be called Mary. The Gibbs model (1988), exclusively presented by Jasper M (2003), as a reflection paradigm as it gives the author an opportunity to make a well-organized report of the scenario, and viably provides that true reflection in practice has occurred during its research. Mary is a 58-year-old woman that presented herself to the acute unit, after an incident of self-harming due to depression (diagnosed from 10 years). He had informed the admitting nurse that she is not taking any food and does not talking with anyone for any reason, even she would take off her incontance pads, and they would be thrown on the floor and she would scratch and legs until they were black and blue. It can arguably be stated that there are two major type i.e. major depressive disorder and dysthymiac disorder. Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, is distinguished by a blend of indications that interfere with a persons capability of eat, sleep, work, study, and enjoy once-pleasing behaviors. Major depression is hindering and thwarting a person from operating general purpose activities. An affair of major depression may take place only once in a persons aeons, but more usually, it persists all the way to a life of a person. Dysthymic disorder, is also known as dysthymia, is distinguished by long-term (two years or longer) but less harsh indications that may not hinder a person but can thwart one from acting usual or working well as the patient in the study have stopped eating and does not responding to her day to day activities. People with dysthymia may also practice one or more affairs of major depression within their lifetimes. While working on Marys condition, I found that she only reacts in her necessities, but the method to attain attention is very awful. She would lash out with the doctors and other staff of the medical unit and sometimes gave them a stern response in their assessment job. Assessment can be described as the evaluation of the clients biological psychological and sociological needs. However, most importantly it must be the detailed and precise record of what happened and what answers were given to often very structured form of psychological questioning. Thompson and Mathias (2000) similarly describe the process as acquiring information about a person or situation that may include a description of the persons wants and ambitions. If we talk about the general issues causing of depression, we cannot find a single issue reasoning of depression. Sometimes, it probably results from a dissimilar interaction of biochemical, genetic, psychological and environmental issues. Mary was undergoing with some of the mentioned factors, which motivates her to this level of depression. Different school of thoughts specifies that depressive illnesses are disorders of the mental issues. Brain-imaging tools, for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have reveled that the brains of people who have depression look special than those of people without depression. The divisions of the brain liable for changeable thinking, mood, sleep, appetite and activates materialized to work unusually. Additionally, appropriate neurotransmitters, compounds that brain cells utilize to converse, emerges to be out of equilibrium in life. However, these illusions do not provide why the depression has been raised. Most of the forms of depression tend to run in families, signifying a genetic connection. Tsuang (1990) describes though, depression can arise in people without family background of depression in addition. Genetics research specifies that jeopardy for depression outcomes from the pressure of multiple genes performing together with ecological or other aspects (Tsuang, 2004). Additionally, trauma, loss of a loved persons a hard connection, or any traumatic condition may motivate a depressive affair. Subsequent depressive affairs may happen with or without an apparent motivation factor. In the case of Mary the occurrence of depression is from another factor. She does not find a caring deal from her ancestors and fall into depression. This thing led her towards the uncommon behavior with other people surrounding to her. She found her as a lonely soul and always treats everyone as a devilish person. After having good care from the staff members and nurses in the unit, she is now turning back to life, and now she reacts to content her necessities (Beaglehole, 2000). The process of maintaining eye contact was further used to examine his ability to do the same. Nelson Jones, (2002) mentions that the inability of patients to maintain pro longed eye contact would indicate he may be in a withdrawn state or feels uncomfortable in his condition. Barker (1997) further stated that being over enthusiastic about eye contact could cause an aggressive or confrontational experience. The use of this method was appropriate as the assessment progressed. The nurse tried summarized the interview in a clear language that Mary could understand, but as she is not communicating in any way the nurse phrased the report on the previous assumption. She further gained his acknowledgement that her interpretation was a true reflection of his feelings and thoughts at this time, and afterwards the nurse guided to take Mary to nursing home, that will be good for her to necessities more than this unit. Nelson-Jones (2002) said that this process gives the patient a clear feeling of acknowledgement by another of their deepest feelings while aiding the recovery process. The skills used in Mental Health assessments have been identified and discussed in this paper and it emphasis the use of a holistic approach at all times in the work of the Mental Health Nurse. One size does not fit all in the profession of Mental Health Nursing and although many tools and strategies are used throughout the process the skill of treating each person as an individual, with their own set of needs and concerns should remain paramount at all times. The assessment witnessed demonstrated that combining these skills promote a good rapport with the patient and most importantly getting a full picture that can be interpreted and shared with the multi disciplinary team for the onward process of the care pathway approach. I have learnt that being non-judgemental and assessing the current situation at presentation is a key attribute in the skill of assessment. It becomes difficult when the client does not respond or react of any query or conduction, likewise, in the case of Mary. I have further reflected that it becomes necessary sometimes to help a patient with a question by the use of inter personal skills and effective non-verbal stimuli in order to allow them to express their feeling, sometimes at a rather difficult stage in their life. It is only by academic research and observed practice based experience that I will be able to develop these skills. I have further learnt that people in crisis need continual assistance and support through their acute phase. The first experience of the initial assessment has a large bearing on the way and the time it takes them to make improvements in their health.

Political Correctness: :: essays research papers fc

The University of Southern California: The Teddy Bear MassacreLike so many other traditions, the burning of the bruin was put on the chopping block recently. The long running University of Southern California spirit activity consisted of throwing a large stuffed bear in a bon fire the night before the football game against their rival, the University of California at Los Angeles. The Black Student Union and other student organizations recently questioned the event. Their concern was that the event too closely resembled past lynching of African Americans in the American south.This raises the question of whether it is appropriate to censor ideas that are not created to offend certain groups. Political correctness, the underlying ideal, is the "particular set of attitudes about the world that its proponents maintain should be actively promoted." [Clark 369] Proponents of political correctness, or PC, had good intentions in devising the idea, but it has serious flaws. Although political correctness was founded with good intent, it does more harm than good.The most noticeable example of harm is how PC proponents try to please everyone at the same time. The burning of the bruin was just one of many activities held during the week before the big UCLA game. The idea being that everyone could find something that they could identify with and rally around their school. If the burning was intentionally created to represent or oppress the offended students, the event would have been banned long ago. However, as Matt Hutaff stated in his editorial in the Daily Trojan:"It's about school pride. It's love for the things that brought the university to where it is today. It is traditions that define a school; it's student body and its heritage. Strip the school of its traditions and all you have is a school that isn't worth rallying behind." [5]In appeasing one group, it seems the university neglected another group. It seems that the lesson that one cannot please everyone all the time still needs to be learned.Another lesson that needs to be learned is to meet offensive language head on instead of hiding from it. This cannot happen, however, if the college is sheltering us from it. It is the duty of the university to teach us how to live in the real world. How are they going to protect us from what we do not want to hear out there? The answer is they cannot, and the sheltered individuals are left unprepared to confront real world situations that will offend them.

February Action Essay

So, after my great holidays, back to reality. In this case, it meant moving flats. I moved out of my friends’ flat and in with two Mexican siblings, girl (spoilt acting student) and boy (pain in the ass lawyer student). (The statements in this part are highly influenced by later experiences with the two people, I got along with them and their family fine.) And when I moved I found the flat under water. So the first thing I did was spend hours soaking towels. Apart from that the two were always nice to me, the guy was almost never there and the girl went home on weekends, so I had the place to myself a lot, which was great. The flat was on the ground floor, so despite great sunny weather outside, I lived in freezing conditions. But it was well-located for work and social life. My room consisted of a bed and a built in cupboard (already provided) and a very useful box (which I found on the street and stayed with me until I moved out). I started working too†¦giving English classes in the Bank of Mexico, some 20 hours a week, all 1-1 classes with mostly enjoyable students. As I had already found a football team, it meant I had found friends who took me out, to the cinema and every sunday the PUMAS (one of the local teams) game was a must. I was introduced to the stadium, the anthem (!!!!) and the during match entertainment (beer and crisps) and the after match entertainment (more beer, discussion of game, and strange activities like having electric shocks outside of the stadium). Although not completely my description of a great time, it was good fun nevertheless. I otherwise spent quite lazy weekends, enjoying the company of my friend Itziar and playing football. At the end of February, the football girls had a huge party, which was great great fun, a lovely, welcoming group of girls who know how to party. There I became better friends with a lot of them, which was very nice. The party was full of good food, dancing, dancing and dancing and when it ended, we decided to go to a friends’ house to continue the party, but we all ended up falling asleep there. So some good weekend action. I was invited by the family of my flatmates to Cuernavaca, which is the getaway for inhabitants of the big City. (btw, if New York City is the Big Apple, Mexico City must be something like the Big Papaya) I went out on the Saturday morning by bus and then spent quite a relaxed time in the house, which is quite a bit outside of the city center. We had a lovely meal and then they took me into the city center, where they, interestingly enough, put me on the tourist bus and I went around on that. Pity really, because the main square had some really interesting and fun dancing and singing going on, surrounded by people selling handcrafts and other oddities. So the bus ride was quite amusing, lots of historically interesting information that I forget while the guide is finishing the sentence. Cuernavaca is a nice city and the bus also took us on a walk through some park/ravine, which was also umm†¦nice. Then in the evening I met the family to have supper at a very good Italian restaurant before we headed back to their house, where I fell right to sleep (tired from the party, obviously). Sunday just meant a long sleep, another nice meal and then the return journey back to the city. So I got a look at what Cuernavaca was like, which was enjoyable. Next time, I’ll just go by myself to see more of the place instead of seeing it wizzing by from the Touribus.

The Difference Between Hispanic and Latino

The Difference Between Hispanic and Latino Hispanic and Latino are often used interchangeably though they actually mean two different things. Hispanic refers to people who speak Spanish or are descended from Spanish-speaking populations, while Latino refers to people who are from or descended from people from Latin  America. In todays United States, these terms are often thought of as racial categories and are often used to describe race, in the way that we also use white, black, and Asian. However, the populations they describe are actually composed of various racial groups, so using them as racial categories is inaccurate. They work more accurately as descriptors of ethnicity, but even that is a stretch given the diversity of peoples they represent. That said, they are important as identities for many people and communities, and they are used by the government to study the population, by law enforcement to study crime and punishment, and by researchers of many disciplines to study social, economic, and political trends, as well as social problems.  For these reasons, its important to understand what they mean literally, how they are used by the state in formal ways, and how those ways sometimes differ from how people use them socially. What Hispanic Means and Where  It Came From In a literal sense, Hispanic refers to people who speak Spanish or who are descended from Spanish speaking lineage. This English word evolved from the Latin word  Hispanicus, which is reported to have been used to refer to people living in Hispania - the Iberian Peninsula in todays Spain -   during the Roman Empire. Since Hispanic refers to what language people speak or that their ancestors spoke, it refers to an element of culture. This means that, as an identity category, it is closest to the definition of ethnicity,  which groups people based on a shared common culture. However, people of many different ethnicities can identify as Hispanic, so its actually more broad than ethnicity. Consider that people who originate from Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico will have come from very different cultural backgrounds, excepting their language and possibly their religion. Because of this, many people considered Hispanic today equate their ethnicity with their or their ancestors country of origin, or with an ethnic group within this country. Reports indicate that it came into use by the United States government during Richard Nixons presidency, which spanned 1968‒1974. It first appeared on the U.S. Census in 1980, as a question prompting the Census taker to determine whether or not the person was of Spanish/Hispanic origin.  Hispanic is most commonly used in the eastern U.S., including Florida and Texas. People of all different races identify as Hispanic, including white people. In todays Census people self-report their answers and have the option to choose whether or not they are of Hispanic descent. Because the Census Bureau recognizes that Hispanic is a term that describes ethnicity and not race, people can self-report a variety of racial categories as well as Hispanic origin when they complete the form. However, self-reports of race in the Census indicate that some identify their race as Hispanic. This is a matter of identity, but also of the structure of the question about race included in the Census. Race options include white, black, Asian, American Indian or Pacific Islander, or some other race. Some people who identify as Hispanic may also identify with one of these racial categories, but many do not, and as a result, choose to write in Hispanic as their race. Elaborating on this, Pew Research Center wrote in 2015: [Our] survey of multiracial Americans finds that, for two-thirds of Hispanics, their Hispanic background is a part of their racial background – not something separate. This suggests that Hispanics have a unique view of race that doesn’t necessarily fit within the official U.S. definitions. So while Hispanic might refer to ethnicity in the dictionary and governmental definition of the term, in practice, it often refers to race. What Latino Means and Where It Came From Unlike Hispanic, which refers to language, Latino is a term that refers to geography. It is used to signify that a person is from or descended from people from Latin America. It is, in fact, a shortened form of the Spanish phrase latinoamericano -   Latin American, in English. Like Hispanic, Latino does not technically speaking refer to race. Anybody from Central or South America and the Caribbean can be described as Latino. Within that group, like within Hispanic, there are varieties of races. Latinos can be white, black, indigenous American, mestizo, mixed, and even of Asian descent. Latinos can also be Hispanic, but not necessarily. For example, people from Brazil are Latino, but they are not Hispanic, since Portuguese, and not Spanish, is their native language. Similarly, people may be Hispanic, but not Latino, like those from Spain who do not also live in or have lineage in Latin America. It was not until the year 2000 that Latino first appeared on the U.S. Census as an option for ethnicity, combined with the response Other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino. In the most recent Census, conducted in 2010, it was included as Another Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin. However, as with Hispanic, common usage and self-reporting on the Census indicates that many people identify their race as Latino. This is especially true in the western United States, where the term is more commonly used, in part because it offers a distinction from the identities of Mexican American and Chicano  - terms that specifically refer to descendants of people from Mexico. Pew Research Center found in 2015 that 69% of young Latino adults ages 18 to 29 say their Latino background is part of their racial background, as does a similar share of those in other age groups, including those 65 and older. Because Latino has come to be identified as a race in practice and associated with brown skin and origin in Latin America, black Latinos often identify differently. While they are likely to be read simply as black within U.S. society, due to their skin color, many identify as Afro-Caribbean or Afro-Latino  - terms which serve to distinguish them both from brown-skinned Latinos and from descendants of the North American population of black slaves. So, like with Hispanic, the standard meaning of Latino  often differs in practice. Because practice differs from policy, the U.S. Census Bureau is poised to change how it asks about race and ethnicity in the coming 2020 Census. The possible new phrasing of these questions would allow for Hispanic and Latino to be recorded as the respondents self-identified race.

Biography of George Washington Carver

Biography of George Washington Carver Free Online Research Papers George Washington Carver was born into slavery January of 1860 on the Moses Carver plantation in Diamond Grove, Missouri. He spent the first year of his life, the brutal days of border war, between Missouri and neighboring Kansas. George was a very sickly child with a whooping cough, which later lead to his speech impediment, and he was tiny and puny. George’s father, James Carver, died in a wood hauling accident when he was bringing wood to his master’s house one day. George was sick a great deal during his early years. In 1861, when George was one year old, raiders kidnapped him and his mother with horses from their home in Missouri. Moses Carver, Mary’s master, heard that a bushwhacker named Bentley knew Mary’s whereabouts along with little George’s. Moses offered him 40 acres of his best timberland and Pacer, one of his best horses. Bentley accepted the offer and started in pursuit all the way into Arkansas. Bentley returned a few days later only with young George in a bundle and no sign of Mary. A few years later, in spring, little George was in the woods scraping at the earth. When someone was sick George gathered roots, herbs, and bark, which he boiled to make medicines. Carver grew to be a student of life and a scholar, despite the illness and frailty of his early childhood. Because he was not strong enough to work in the fields, he helped with household chores and gardening. Probably because of these duties and because of the hours he would spend exploring the woods around his home, he developed a keen interest in plants at an early age. Neighbors called George the Plant Doctor because he made house to house calls in Diamond Grove to prescribe for ailing plants. George had his own mini garden where he nursed sick plants back to health. Moses and Susan Carver, his owners, reared him until slavery was abolished in 1865. He learned to read, write and spell at home because there were no schools for African Americans in Diamond Grove. A few years later George decided to leave the Carver’s and go on with his education. He set out and ended upon the farm of a family, Christopher and Mariah Watson, who became his foster parents. While under the Watson’s care, George attended the colored school of Neosho. From age 10, his thirst for knowledge and desire for formal education led him to several communities in Missouri and Kansas Later he moved to Fort Scott, Kansas to attend High school. In 1890, to Indiana, Iowa were he enrolled at Simpson College to study piano and painting. In 1891 he got admission in Iowa State University and gained his BS in 1894 and MS in 1897 in â€Å"Bacterial Botany† and â€Å"Agriculture†. Meanwhile he also took art and piano lessons. In 1894, Carver qualified for an opening, in Iowa, on the faculty as assistant botanist in the experiment station. Carver devoted special attention to bacterial laboratory work in syste matic botany. He also collaborated with Dr. Pammell, an eminent botanist, on two publications: Treatment of Currants and Cherries to Prevent Spot Diseases, and Fungus Diseases of Plants at Ames. In 1985, Dr., as he was known as, George Washington Carver was sent a request asking him to accept the Chair of Agriculture at the Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College in Westside Mississippi. While in Mississippi George really learned about Jim Crowism through the people and his experiences. All of Georges life he spent around white people and now he was segregated where he could only eat, sleep, and drink certain places. It took him a while to get used to it but eventually he adjusted. G. W. Carver formulated a plan, after becoming Director and Consulting Chemist at Tuskegee University, to help farmers. The plan included giving Alabama farmers education in soil conservation, diversification of crops, utilization of native crops. The economy of the farming south had been devastated by years of civil war and the cotton and tobacco plantations could no longer use slave labor, because slavery had been abolished. Carver convinced the southern farmers to follow his suggestions and helped the region to recover. In a study with Pan-American Medical Congress, Carver discovered a large number of official drug plants, and an equal number of unofficial, which were found to be household remedies. In 1881, G. W. Carver founded Tuskegee Institute. Carver helped to produce an abundance of many crops. For example, he increased the average yield of sweet potatoes from 37 bushels an acre to 266 bushels an acre. Carver also extracted from rotten sweet potatoes a water-soluble bluing, which was used for laundry purposes and if added to clay it that was naturally yellow a soft green resulted. Carver created in all twenty-seven combinations of color washes. He was responsible for the invention in 1927, of a process for producing paints and stains from soybeans. Although it is well known that Dr.George Washington Carver did not invent the peanut, not many know of the many products that have come from the peanut due to the work of this great African-American inventor and scient ist. George Washington Carver invented peanut butter along with over three hundred other uses for peanuts and hundreds more uses for soybeans, pecans and sweet potatoes. Innumerable products we that exist today come to us by the discoveries of Carver. Only three patents were every issued to him, but among his discoveries are: Adhesives, Axle Grease, Bleach, Buttermilk, Chili Sauce, Fuel Briquettes, Ink, Instant Coffee, Linoleum, Mayonnaise, Meat Tenderizer, Metal Polish, Paper, Plastic, Pavement, Shaving Cream, Shoe Polish, Synthetic Rubber, Talcum Powder, and Wood Stain. George Washington Carver died in 1943. He received many honors in his lifetime and a 1938 feature film called Life of George Washington Carver. Some of his honors included a film dedicated to him at Tuskegee Institute in 1941, the Roosevelt Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Southern Agriculture in 1942, a national monument in Diamond Grove, Missouri; commemorative postage stamps in 1947 and 1998; and a fifty-cent coin in 1951. George was inducted into the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1977. He was also inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1990. In 1994, Iowa State awarded him the degree, Doctor of Humane Letters. I truly enjoyed this book and learning about George Washington Carver. I learned a lot about this great African American scientist who was very caring and devoted to his work. George Washington Carver helped to make and discovered many different uses for items like the peanut and sweet potatoes. This book was very vivid in its description of all the hardships, hard work, and effort Georg e Washington Carver put into his research. I learned that George was very dedicated to his research and he proved this in many ways. George donated his entire estate to enable his research to continue which coerces me to strive to do better for myself. Overall, this book gave me a real role model that I could strive to be like. I realized from reading the book that George never gave up no matter how many people gave him a fight. I also learned that just because you are slow or have a disability does not mean that you are not smart. Now I know to believe in myself and not to let others put me down or not to put down myself and for his contributions I am thankful. Research Papers on Biography of George Washington CarverNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceStandardized TestingThe Spring and AutumnEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaGenetic Engineering

Gary S Becker's A treatise on the family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gary S Becker's A treatise on the family - Essay Example As such, the purpose of this brief analysis is to review and comment on some of the key themes and ideas that have been put forward by Becker and seek how they maintain a relevant and pertinent quality within the current economic system. Furthermore, the basic premise put forward by the author with relation to the fact that the family represents a microcosm of the larger national and international economies will be further analyzed. Regardless of one’s political persuasion, it is without doubt that the family is one of the primary social constructs upon which society is based. Without families (either as an abstract concept or a more traditional one) society itself could not and would not perpetuate itself. As such, understanding the unique dynamics with relation to these most basic and integral building blocks of our world is one of primal importance. Within this vein, the author goes on to describe key elements of social and economic interactions, both within and without of the family. These include the discussions relating to single person households, sexual division of labor, need/demand for children, intergenerational mobility, and the general trends that have been developing over the past few years with relation to the evolution of the family. A full analysis of each theme that Becker has brought to attention with regards to the economic effect on the family unit and the economy as a whole would require a much larger work than such a brief paper can offer. It is necessary to point out the unique way in which the author demonstrates the aforementioned points that help to nuance and develop the way individual economies and macro economies behave. What is interesting and laudable about Becker’s analysis is that he begins it with what many would consider to be the weakest link in his analysis: single person households. In this way, rather than seeking to

False Confessions in Mississippi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

False Confessions in Mississippi - Essay Example Mississippi State has numerous records of individual wrongly convicted because of false confession. One of the clear examples is Bobby R. Dixon who suffered a wrongful conviction in Forrest County in 1980 alongside Larry Ruffin and Phillip Bivens. Bobby confessed to charges of rape and murder and later pled guilty in an attempt to avoid the death penalty, but imprisoned for 30 years.   Investigations found that Bobby was innocent and the real perpetrator captured. Bobby left prison in 2010 on grounds of medical parole and later in the same year he died of cancer (Mississippi Innocence Project). Arthur Johnson is another person wrongfully convicted in 1992 in Sunflower County with charges of rape and burglary. The court sentenced Arthur to 16 years imprisonment though DNA tests conducted in 2007 proved him innocent leading to his release in 2008. Further investigations with a DNA profile led to the identification of a man responsible for the crime that led to the conviction of Arthur. Kennedy Brewer is another victim of false confession that led to wrongful conviction 1995 and charged with rape and murder of girlfriend’s daughter. The court sentenced Kennedy to death through lethal injection, but Dthe NA test carried later on evidence gathered from the scene of crime implicated another person. His exoneration came in February 2008 after serving 12 years imprisonment and being the fifth in death row (Mississippi Innocence Project). Police interrogators have also threatened suspects that about receiving heavier charges if they fail to admit and lighter charges if they confess responsibility for a crime that otherwise they are not. False confessions are admissions to criminal offenses and subsequent narrative of how and why the crime occurred by confessors who in reality are not responsible. False confessions are common in judicial systems, but mostly go unnoticed and unrecorded. The difficulty in noticing false confessions relates to the tendency of police not to keep records of such occurrences, which makes it difficult for researchers and criminal analysts to study their underlying characteristics (Mississippi Innocence Project).

3 researches Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3 researches - Research Paper Example paper though is the solid inter-relationship between two components that complete each other for their existence like matter and antimatter; black and white photography and genes and inheritance. Matter and antimatter forge a particular chemistry in asymmetry and bonding because one hardly exists without the other, because they both share similar masses. A positron that is positively charged is an antiparticle to the electron that is negatively charged. They are always produced as a pair. Genes and inheritance is also a working pair because a chromosome pair contains characteristics from both parents hence these traits are passed to the children as inheritance. Black and white photography tops it all because it is the most beautiful chemistry in basic visual arts or photography because where one color is involved there can never be any photography the two contrasting color element of black and white have to co-exist in a similar setting to capture the aspect of photography. Perhaps the best hero myth to explain the Joseph Campbell hero’s journey model of delving into the special or imaginary world from the ordinary world and back to the ordinary world in history of myths with famous heroes is one Hercules (BBC). Hercules or Heracles as the Greeks call him is a Greek hero as a son of Zeus, a god and Alcmene the granddaughter of Perseus. Hercules grows up to become a warrior hero. Hercules or Heracles hero starts in the ordinary world when Hera the jealous wife of Zeus made him temporarily insane so that Hercules killed his very own wife and children. As a punishment by the king Eurystheus of Tiryns he was sent to travel for twelve years and perform twelve different gruesome tasks. These tasks seem to capture the special world context because one of the tasks which is killing an evil character by the name of Lernean Hydra who has snake like hydra and nine separate heads shows the difficult tests Hercules had to undergo in dealing with the creatures from the

Ten Most Effective Ways to Improve Your English Essay Example for Free

Ten Most Effective Ways to Improve Your English Essay 1. Read : Read anything and everything in English. You can read story books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, comics, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements, etc. For story books, don’t force yourself to read something too difficult or something you know you won’t enjoy. Make reading fun! Read books that you ENJOY reading. I hate to read books that bore me too. Opening up books before you buy one and flicking through them to find one with lots of direct dialogue in it has several advantages. If there is less text on the page due to all the speech marks etc, this can make it easier to read and easier to write translations on. Dialogue is also much easier to understand than descriptive parts of a book, and is much more like the language you will want to learn in order to be able to speak English. 2. Start your own English language blog : Even for people who dont have to write in English, writing can be a great way of properly learning the kind of vocabulary you need to describe your own life and interests, and of thinking about how to stop making grammar mistakes. The problem most people have is that they dont know what to write about. One traditional way to make sure you write every day in English is to write an English diary (journal), and a more up to date way of doing this is to write a blog. Popular topics include your language learning experience, your experience studying abroad, your local area, your language, or translations of your local news into English. This is one way for you to practice your writing. Blog on something that you love. If you are a fan of movies, start a blog and write about your favourite movies, your favourite characters, what you think could be improved in the movie, what new movies to expect next year, etc. Besides blogging, try joining online forums, engage in online chatting and more . 3. Be best friends with a good English dictionary : You can use Oxford, Collins, Cambridge, etc. Buy a dictionary that you’re comfortable with and USE it at all times. Keep it next to you when you’re reading. I always put my favourite Oxford dictionary by my side when I’m reading. So when I stumble upon a word I don’t know, I don’t have to get up and look around for it. It’s right there by my side. Thus, I have no excuse for not looking the word up! Try and familiarize yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary. Look up the correct pronunciation of words that are hard for you to say. Write down words and their definitions in a notebook for future reference it may come in handy! 4. Watch English movies with subtitles : This would be my favourite way of learning English. Not only do I get to have a fun time watching the movie, I’d be learning new words at the same time and knowing how to pronounce them! Usually, you can get movies with English subtitles on DVDs. 5. Listen to English songs : Read the lyrics as you listen to the songs. Listen to your favourite songs and sing along to them. Although just listening to a song in English can be a good way of really learning the words of the chorus in an easily memorable way, if you want to really get something out of listening to English music you will need to take some time to read the lyrics of the song with a dictionary. Once you have read and understood the lyrics, if you then listen and read at the same time, this can be a good way of understanding how sounds change in fast, natural, informal speech. 6. Relax and have a positive, confident attitude : If you make a mistake or forget a word when you are speaking English – it’s OK! Don’t be nervous or afraid. The person who you’re talking to will understand and be patient with you. If you are insecure when speaking English, it will be even more difficult to think of the words you know. 7. Learn a new word a day : Keep your own vocabulary notebook and write a new word and its meaning in it every day. Refer to it as often as possible so that the new words will stick in your head. 8. Read aloud in English for at least 15 minutes every day : Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a new language. Find something you enjoy reading especially if it has a lot of dialogue, and read it aloud. Even if you dont speak aloud, reading as many English books as possible will increase your vocabulary and knowledge of sentence structure. Make sure when you read these books that you understand what the author is trying to say. 9. Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes : Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak. However, this is a very important exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making. 10. Speak the language whenever you can : Speak it with friends and family. You can also sing along to English songs! Try karaoke! Don’t be shy to try speaking the language. Don’t be afraid that others will tease you. In fact, they’ll admire you for your courage and confidence. References: 1. http://www.malaysia-students.com/2009/08/10-simple-ways-to-improve-your-english.html 2. http://www.espressoenglish.net/speaking-english-10-ways-to-improve/ 3. http://english.learnhub.com/lesson/4231-10-ways-to-improve-the-way-you-speak-english?id=4231-10-ways-to-improve-the-way-you-speak-english 4. http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/70-ways-to-improve-your-english.html